lunes, 2 de octubre de 2017

9 ITALIAN ART TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOW HE ART GENOME PROJECT

BY SARAH GOTTESMAN
The High Renaissance is often considered the peak of European art history, having ushered Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo into the canon, among many others. These artists revived the aesthetics of Ancient Greece, such as the contrapposto pose and the tondo composition, in addition to discovering new and innovative methods of artistic production. Each of these achievements required a new vocabulary to describe them, and many of the art terms that emerged are still in use today.

Contrapposto

Porch of the Maidens (south porch), Erechtheion

The twisting contrapposto or “counterpose” is one of the most popular postures in Western portraiture—both in painting and sculpture. Invented by the ancient Greeks in the early 5th century B.C., the pose gives life to static figures, imbuing them with a natural sense of movement. A person standing in contrapposto leans all of his or her body weight on one leg (sometimes called the “engaged” leg), while the other, more relaxed leg bends at the knee. The figure’s torso, shoulders, and head all tilt away from the straightened leg, thus completing the twist.
While figures in contrapposto may appear true to life, the pose is actually quite uncomfortable to recreate—try standing in the stance of Michelangelo’s David (1501-1504) and see for yourself. The conceptual artist Bruce Nauman exposed the awkwardness of this historic stance in his video performance Walk with Contrapposto (1968), for which the artist tried to remain in the contrapposto pose while traveling through a narrow passageway.

Fresco
Last Judgment, Sistine Chapel
Fresco—the medium employed for Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Ceiling (1508-1512) and Raphael’s School of Athens (1509-1511)—is a wall-painting technique dating to antiquity. To create a fresco, artists apply a mixture of powdered pigments and water to wet lime plaster, prompting a chemical process that fuses the pigment with the wall. Because plaster dries quickly, artists must complete their frescoes in sections, each of which is called a giornata, Italian for “a day’s work.” While frescoes were most popular in ancient Rome and during the Italian Renaissance (Italy’s hot, dry climate providing especially favorable conditions for their preservation), the medium was revived during the 20th century by Mexican Muralists like Diego Rivera………….


https://www.artsy.net/article/the-art-genome-project-9-italian-art-terms

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